IVithamini yanamhlanje yezoShishino-Enqabileyo yoMhlaba

Umhlaba onqabileyoligama elidityanisiweyo lezinto zetsimbi ezili-17, ezaziwa ngokuba yi "vithamin yemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje", sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sezimbiwa eTshayina, sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kukhuseleko lwesizwe, i-aerospace, izinto ezikhethekileyo, isinyithi, amandla kunye nezolimo kunye nezinye iindawo ezininzi.I-China lelona hlabathi linqabileyo logcino kunye nelizwe lemveliso, apho isixeko sase-Baotou kwiNgingqi ezimeleyo ye-Inner Mongolia inama-83.7% oovimba belizwe, i-37.8% yogcino lwehlabathi, umgodi we-Bayan Obo ngowona mgodi womhlaba unqabileyo.

Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-alloys yazo zidlala indima ye-deoxidation kunye ne-desulphurization kwi-steelmaking, enokunciphisa umxholo wezo zombini ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-0.001%, ukutshintsha imilo yokubandakanywa, ukucoca iinkozo, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwentsimbi, ukuphucula amandla, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa ukubola kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation.Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye neealloys zazo zisetyenziselwa ukuveliswa kwentsimbi ye-nodular cast iron, high-high-power grey cast iron kunye ne-vermicular cast iron, enokutshintsha uhlobo lwegraphite kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo, iphucule inkqubo yokuphosa, kwaye iphucule iimpawu zomatshini zokuphosa. intsimbi (intsimbi ye-alloy, intsimbi etyhidiweyo).

Umgubo wokupolisha umhlaba onqabileyo usetyenziselwa ukupolisha izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zeglasi, i-CeO2 isetyenziselwa ukwenza iglasi ingabi nemibala kwaye iphucule ukubonakala kwayo.I-Pr6O11, Nd2O3, njl., isetyenziselwa ukufaka imibala yeglasi;I-La2O3, i-Nd2O3, i-CeO2, njl. njl. zisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kweglasi ekhethekileyo;Kwishishini le-ceramic, umhlaba onqabileyo ungasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-ceramic glazes, i-refractories kunye nezixhobo ze-ceramic.I-oksidi yomhlaba enye ecocekileyo enqabileyo efana neY2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, La2O3, Tb4O7 isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo ze-fluorescent, ezifana nombala weTV obomvu wephosphor, iphosphor emhlophe yeTV, iphosphor emfutshane engapheliyo, iphosphor yesibane eyahlukeneyo, X- ray eyongeziweyo isikrini sephosphor kunye nezixhobo zokuguqula ukukhanya kwefluorescent.

Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yemathiriyeli entsha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Uluhlu lwe-semiconductors edibeneyo, izinto ze-electro-optical, i-alloys ezikhethekileyo, izinto ezintsha zokusebenza kunye ne-organometallic compounds eyenziwe ngesinyithi esinqabileyo somhlaba kunye neentsimbi ezingenayo i-ferrous zifuna iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo ezineempawu ezizodwa.Isixa-mali sincinci, kodwa sibalulekile.Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwitekhnoloji yonxibelelwano lwangoku, iikhompyuter ze-elektroniki, uphuhliso lwe-aerospace, amayeza kunye nempilo, izinto ezithatha ifoto, izinto zombane, izixhobo zamandla kunye nezixhobo zokuncedisa.I-China ityebile kwiiminerali zesinyithi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo, ezibonelela ngeemeko ezingcono zemithombo yophuhliso lweshishini lesinyithi emhlabeni elinqabileyo.