Umhlaba ongavamileyigama elihlangene lezakhi ze-metallic eziyi-17, ezaziwa ngokuthi "i-vitamin yesimanje yezimboni", iyisisetshenziswa esibalulekile samaminerali e-China, sisetshenziswe kabanzi ekuvikelweni kwezwe, i-aerospace, izinto ezikhethekile, i-metallurgy, amandla kanye nezolimo kanye neminye imikhakha eminingi.I-China iyizwe elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni ezigcina umhlaba ongavamile kanye nokukhiqiza, lapho idolobha lase-Baotou eliseSifundeni esizimele sase-Inner Mongolia linama-83.7% eziqiwi zikazwelonke, ama-37.8% ezindawo ezigcina umhlaba wonke, imayini ye-Bayan Obo iyimayini enkulu yomhlaba eyivelakancane enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys azo zidlala indima ye-deoxidation kanye ne-desulphurization ekwenzeni insimbi, enganciphisa okuqukethwe kwakho kokubili kube ngaphansi kuka-0.001%, iguqule ukwakheka kwezinto ezifakiwe, icwenge okusanhlamvu, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwensimbi, ukuthuthukisa amandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana ne-oxidation.Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile kanye nama-alloys azo asetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwensimbi eyi-nodular cast iron, i-high-power grey cast iron kanye ne-vermicular cast iron, engashintsha uhlobo lwe-graphite ensimbi ekhonjiwe, ithuthukise inqubo yokuphonsa, futhi ithuthukise izakhiwo zemishini ye-cast. insimbi (i-alloy iron, iron cast).
Impushana yokupholisha umhlaba engavamile isetshenziselwa ukupholisha amadivaysi engilazi ahlukahlukene, i-CeO2 isetshenziselwa ukukhipha ingilazi umbala nokuthuthukisa ukubonakala kwayo.I-Pr6O11, Nd2O3, njll., esetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala yengilazi;I-La2O3, Nd2O3, CeO2, njll. isetshenziswa ekwenzeni ingilazi ekhethekile;Embonini ye-ceramic, umhlaba ongavamile ungasetshenziswa ukwenza ama-glaze e-ceramic, ama-refractories nezinto zobumba.I-Single high high pure oxides yomhlaba engavamile njenge-Y2O3, Eu2O3, Gd2O3, La2O3, Tb4O7 isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinto ezihlukahlukene ze-fluorescent, ezifana nombala we-TV obomvu phosphor, i-projection ye-TV emhlophe phosphor, i-ultra short persistence phosphor, i-phosphor yesibani ehlukahlukene, i-X- phosphor. i-ray ethuthukisiwe i-phosphor yesikrini kanye nezinto zokuguqula ukukhanya kwe-fluorescent.
Izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinto ezintsha zesimanje zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu.Uchungechunge lwama-semiconductors ayinhlanganisela, izinto ze-electro-optical, ama-alloys akhethekile, izinto ezintsha zokusebenza nezinhlanganisela ze-organometallic ezakhiwe izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile nezinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi zidinga izinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile ezinezakhiwo eziyingqayizivele.Inani lincane, kodwa libalulekile.Ngakho-ke, isetshenziswa kabanzi kubuchwepheshe besimanje bezokuxhumana, amakhompiyutha kagesi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-aerospace, imithi kanye nempilo, izinto ezithinta izithombe, izinto zikagesi ze-photoelectric, izinto zamandla kanye nezinto zokuvuselela.I-China inothile ngamaminerali ensimbi yomhlaba ayivelakancane, ahlinzeka ngezimo ezingcono zezinsiza zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-04-2024