Osmium, abu mafi nauyi a duniya
Gabatarwa
Osmium rukuni ne na VIII na tebur na lokaci-lokaci.Ɗaya daga cikin rukunin platinum (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum) abubuwa.Alamar kashi ita ce Os, lambar atom ɗin ita ce 76, kuma nauyin atom ɗin shine 190.2.Abubuwan da ke cikin ɓawon burodi shine 1 × 10-7% (mass), kuma sau da yawa yana nuna alamar tare da wasu abubuwa na jerin platinum, irin su platinum tama na asali, nickel pyrite, nickel sulfide ore, gray-iridium osmium ore, osmium- iridium gami da sauransu.Mai wuya da gaggautsa.Babban karfen osmium ba shi da aiki da sinadarai kuma yana da ƙarfi a cikin iska da mahalli.Spongy ko foda osmium sannu a hankali za a oxidized zuwa hudu Chemicalbook osmium oxides a dakin zafin jiki.Osmium galibi ana amfani dashi azaman tauraro don rukunin ƙarfe na platinum don kera nau'ikan siminti masu jure lalacewa da lalata.Alloys da aka yi da osmium da iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, da sauransu ana iya amfani da su don yin lambobi da filogi na kayan aiki da na'urorin lantarki.Osmium-iridium alloys za a iya amfani da matsayin alkalami tukwici, rikodin player allura, compassses, pivots ga kayan kida, da dai sauransu A cikin bawul masana'antu, ikon cathode don fitar da electrons yana inganta ta condensing osmium tururi a kan filament na bawul.Ana iya rage Osmium tetroxide zuwa baƙar fata osmium dioxide ta wasu abubuwa na halitta, don haka a wasu lokuta ana amfani da shi azaman tabo a cikin microscopy na lantarki.Hakanan ana amfani da Osmium tetroxide a cikin haɗin kwayoyin halitta.Karfe na Osmium ba mai guba bane.Osmium tetroxide yana da ban haushi sosai kuma yana da guba, kuma yana da mummunan tasiri akan fata, idanu da na sama na numfashi.
Kaddarorin jiki
Karfe osmium launi ne mai launin toka-shuɗi kuma shine kawai ƙarfe da aka sani bai da yawa fiye da iridium.Osmium atoms suna da tsari mai kauri mai kauri mai kauri, wanda ƙarfe ne mai wuyar gaske.Yana da wuya kuma yana karye a babban zafin jiki.HV na 1473K shine 2940MPa, wanda ke da wahalar aiwatarwa.
Amfani
Ana iya amfani da Osmium azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin masana'antu.Lokacin amfani da osmium azaman mai haɓakawa a cikin haɗin ammonia ko halayen hydrogenation, ana iya samun babban juzu'i a ƙananan zafin jiki.Idan an ƙara ɗan ƙaramin osmium a cikin platinum, ana iya sanya shi ta zama ƙaƙƙarfan osmium platinum alloy scalpel.Osmium iridium alloy za a iya yi ta amfani da osmium da wani adadin iridium.Misali, digon azurfa a saman wasu manyan alƙalami na zinariya shine osmium iridium gami.Osmium iridium alloy yana da wuya kuma yana da juriya, kuma ana iya amfani dashi azaman ɗaukar agogo da kayan aiki masu mahimmanci, tare da tsawon rayuwar sabis.
Lokacin aikawa: Afrilu-17-2023