Osmium, chinhu chinorema kwazvo munyika
Nhanganyaya
Osmium iboka VIII chinhu cheperiodic tafura.Imwe yeboka replatinamu (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum) zvinhu.Chiratidzo chechinhu chinonzi Os, nhamba yeatomu i76, uye huremu hweatomu ndi190.2.Zviri mukati meiyo crust ndeye 1 × 10-7% (misa), uye inowanzo symbiotic nezvimwe zvinhu zveplatinamu yakatevedzana, seyepakutanga platinamu ore, nickel pyrite, nickel sulfide ore, grey-iridium osmium ore, osmium- iridium alloy, etc. Osmium isimbi yegrey-blue ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka inosvika 2700 ° C, nzvimbo yekuvira inodarika 5300 ° C, uye density ye22.48 g/cm3.Zvakaoma uye brittle.Iyo yakawanda simbi osmium haishande mumakemikari uye yakagadzikana mumhepo uye ine mwando nharaunda.Spongy kana poda osmium inozoiswa oxidized kune ina Chemicalbook osmium oxides pakamuri tembiricha.Osmium inonyanya kushandiswa sechinhu chinoomesera cheplatinamu boka simbi alloys kugadzira akasiyana siyana asingapfeke uye anodzivirira cemented carbides.Alloys akagadzirwa ne osmium uye iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, nezvimwewo anogona kushandiswa kugadzira macontact uye mapulagi ezviridzwa nemidziyo yemagetsi.Osmium-iridium alloys inogona kushandiswa semazano epeni, rekodhi player tsono, kambasi, pivots yezviridzwa, nezvimwewo. Muindasitiri yevharuvhu, kugona kwecathode kuburitsa ma electrons kunowedzerwa nekukonesa osmium vapor pa filament yevharuvhu.Osmium tetroxide inogona kudzikiswa kuita black osmium dioxide nezvimwe zvipenyu, saka dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa setsvina yematishu muelectron microscopy.Osmium tetroxide inoshandiswawo mune organic synthesis.Osmium simbi haina chepfu.Osmium tetroxide inogumbura zvakanyanya uye ine muchetura, uye ine zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya paganda, maziso nepamusoro pekufema turakiti.
Zvinhu zvenyama
Metal osmium ine grey-blue muruvara uye ndiyo yega simbi inozivikanwa kuti haina kukora pane iridium.Maatomu eOsmium ane dense hexagonal crystal structure, inova simbi yakaoma zvikuru.Iyo yakaoma uye inoputika pakupisa kwepamusoro.HV ye1473K ndeye 2940MPa, iyo yakaoma kugadzirisa.
Usage
Osmium inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa muindasitiri.Paunenge uchishandisa osmium secatalyst muammonia synthesis kana hydrogenation reaction, kutendeuka kwepamusoro kunogona kuwanikwa pane tembiricha yakaderera.Kana osmium diki yawedzerwa kuplatinum, inogona kugadzirwa kuita yakaoma uye yakapinza osmium platinum alloy scalpel.Osmium iridium alloy inogona kugadzirwa nekushandisa osmium uye imwe chiyero cheiridium.Semuenzaniso, dot resirivha riri pamuromo wemamwe mapeni egoridhe epamusoro iosmium iridium alloy.Osmium iridium alloy yakaoma uye isingapfeki, uye inogona kushandiswa sekutakura wachi uye zviridzwa zvakakosha, ine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-17-2023