Osmium, lub caij hnyav tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb
Taw qhia
Osmium yog ib pab pawg VIII lub caij nyoog ntawm lub sijhawm.Ib pawg platinum (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum) cov ntsiab lus.Lub cim cim yog Os, tus lej atomic yog 76, thiab qhov hnyav atomic yog 190.2.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov crust yog 1 × 10-7% (qhov loj), thiab nws yog feem ntau symbiotic nrog rau lwm cov ntsiab lus ntawm platinum series, xws li thawj platinum ore, npib tsib xee pyrite, nickel sulfide ore, grey-iridium osmium ore, osmium- iridium alloy, thiab lwm yam. Osmium yog grey-xiav hlau nrog lub melting point ntawm 2700 ° C, boiling point siab tshaj 5300 ° C, thiab ib tug ceev ntawm 22.48 g / cm3.Nyuaj thiab nkig.Cov hlau ntau osmium yog tshuaj tsis muaj zog thiab ruaj khov nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab huab cua.Spongy los yog hmoov osmium yuav maj mam oxidized rau plaub Chemicalbook osmium oxides ntawm chav tsev kub.Osmium feem ntau yog siv los ua hardener rau platinum pab pawg hlau alloys los tsim ntau yam hnav-resistant thiab corrosion-resistant cemented carbides.Alloys ua los ntawm osmium thiab iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, platinum, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem siv los ua kev sib cuag thiab ntsaws ntawm cov twj paj nruag thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.Osmium-iridium alloys tuaj yeem siv los ua tus cwj mem cov lus qhia, cov ntawv sau cov koob, compasses, pivots rau cov twj paj nruag, thiab lwm yam.Osmium tetroxide tuaj yeem raug txo kom dub osmium dioxide los ntawm qee yam tshuaj lom neeg, yog li qee zaum nws yog siv los ua cov ntaub so ntswg hauv electron microscopy.Osmium tetroxide kuj tseem siv rau hauv cov organic synthesis.Osmium hlau yog non-toxic.Osmium tetroxide yog khaus heev thiab lom, thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij, qhov muag thiab ua pa sab sauv.
Lub cev muaj zog
Cov hlau osmium yog grey-xiav nyob rau hauv cov xim thiab tsuas yog cov hlau paub tias yuav tsum tsawg dua iridium.Osmium atoms muaj ib tug tuab hexagonal siv lead ua qauv, uas yog ib tug heev nyuaj hlau.Nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab nkig ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.HV ntawm 1473K yog 2940MPa, uas nyuaj rau kev ua haujlwm.
Kev siv
Osmium tuaj yeem siv los ua catalyst hauv kev lag luam.Thaum siv osmium ua catalyst hauv ammonia synthesis lossis hydrogenation cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, kev hloov dua siab tshiab tuaj yeem tau txais ntawm qhov kub tsawg.Yog tias me ntsis osmium ntxiv rau platinum, nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv ib qho nyuaj thiab ntse osmium platinum alloy scalpel.Osmium iridium alloy tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm kev siv osmium thiab qee qhov nyiaj ntawm iridium.Piv txwv li, cov nyiaj dot ntawm lub ntsis ntawm qee tus cwj mem kub siab yog osmium iridium alloy.Osmium iridium alloy yog ib qho nyuaj thiab hnav-tiv taus, thiab tuaj yeem siv los ua cov kabmob ntawm cov moos thiab cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb, nrog lub neej ua haujlwm ntev.
Post lub sij hawm: Apr-17-2023